Dynamic Seismic Monitoring & Characterization

Dynamic seismic monitoring detects underground changes quasi-continuously. When processing the quasi-continuous data for the subsurface imaging and inversion, we focus on using of spatio-temporal information, such as incremental inversion algorithms, temporal regularization, and Kalman filter.  Quasi-continuous monitoring needs more frequent data acquisition. In order to make the cost compatible with the conventional snap-shot monitoring approach, carefully designed sparse surveys (e.g., the cross-spread shown above) and image integration techniques are needed.  We use surface reflection data and/or active/passive borehole data for the monitoring.